Mastering Japanese Time and Day Vocabulary
2026-04-30
Talking about when things happen is a fundamental part of any language. In Japanese, mastering vocabulary for time and days is essential for making plans, describing your routine, and understanding schedules.
In this guide, we've compiled 53 essential words related to time and days, categorized into easy-to-study groups.
Relative Time (Days and Weeks)
These words are used to describe time relative to "now."
| Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一昨日 | おととい | ototoi | the day before yesterday |
| 昨日 | きのう | kinou | yesterday |
| 今日 | きょう | kyou | today |
| 明日 | あした | ashita | tomorrow |
| 明後日 | あさって | asatte | the day after tomorrow |
| 先週 | せんしゅう | senshuu | last week |
| 今週 | こんしゅう | konshuu | this week |
| 来週 | らいしゅう | raishuu | next week |
| 先月 | せんげつ | sengetsu | last month |
| 今月 | こんげつ | kongetsu | this month |
| 来月 | らいげつ | raigetsu | next month |
| 去年 | きょねん | kyonen | last year |
| 今年 | ことし | kotoshi | this year |
| 来年 | らいねん | rainen | next year |
Days of the Week
Japanese days of the week are named after elements (Moon, Fire, Water, Wood, Metal, Earth, Sun).
| Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| 月曜日 | げつようび | getsuyoubi | Monday (Moon) |
| 火曜日 | かようび | kayoubi | Tuesday (Fire) |
| 水曜日 | すいようび | suiyoubi | Wednesday (Water) |
| 木曜日 | もくようび | mokuyoubi | Thursday (Wood) |
| 金曜日 | きんようび | kinyoubi | Friday (Metal) |
| 土曜日 | どようび | doyoubi | Saturday (Earth) |
| 日曜日 | にちようび | nichiyoubi | Sunday (Sun) |
Times of Day
| Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| 朝 | あさ | asa | morning |
| 今朝 | けさ | kesa | this morning |
| 午前 | ごぜん | gozen | a.m. / morning |
| 昼 | ひる | hiru | noon / daytime |
| 午後 | ごご | gogo | p.m. / afternoon |
| 夕方 | ゆうがた | yuugata | evening (sunset) |
| 夜 | よる | yoru | night |
| 今晩 | こんばん | konban | tonight / this evening |
Frequency and Duration
| Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| 毎日 | まいにち | mainichi | every day |
| 毎週 | まいしゅう | maishuu | every week |
| 毎月 | まいつき | maitsuki | every month |
| 毎年 | まいとし / まいねん | maitoshi / mainen | every year |
| 毎晩 | まいばん | maiban | every night |
| 週末 | しゅうまつ | shuumatsu | weekend |
| 一年 | いちねん | ichinen | one year |
| 週間 | しゅうかん | shuukan | week (duration) |
| ヶ月 | かげつ | kagetsu | months (duration) |
| 時間 | じかん | jikan | time / hour |
| 分 | ふん / ぷん | fun / pun | minute |
Seasons
| Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| 季節 | きせつ | kisetsu | season |
| 春 | はる | haru | spring |
| 夏 | なつ | natsu | summer |
| 秋 | あき | aki | autumn / fall |
| 冬 | ふゆ | fuyu | winter |
| シーズン | しーずん | shiizun | season (loanword) |
Other Time Words
| Kanji | Hiragana | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| 今 | いま | ima | now |
| いつ | いつ | itsu | when |
| 何時 | なんじ | nanji | what time |
| 誕生日 | たんじょうび | tanjoubi | birthday |
| 休み | やすみ | yasumi | holiday / break |
| 時計 | とけい | tokei | watch / clock |
| 月 | つき | tsuki | moon / month |
Useful Examples
Here are a few ways to use these words in sentences:
- 今、何時ですか。 (Ima, nanji desu ka?) — What time is it now?
- 明後日は暇ですか。 (Asatte wa hima desu ka?) — Are you free the day after tomorrow?
- 水曜日にテストがあります。 (Suiyoubi ni tesuto ga arimasu.) — There is a test on Wednesday.
- 秋は月がきれいです。 (Aki wa tsuki ga kirei desu.) — The moon is beautiful in autumn.
- 毎日、日本語を勉強します。 (Mainichi, nihongo o benkyou shimasu.) — I study Japanese every day.
By practicing these words, you'll be well on your way to discussing schedules and time like a pro!
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